最新刊期
期 39 ， 1997
- 摘要：Hydrological and meteorological data observed along 155?E section by the R/V Ryofu Maru of JMA in the summers of 1972 to 1979, were used to analyze and study the characteristics of temperature and salinity in the south tropical, tropical, north tropical, and north subtropical sea areas at this section; the heat contents along the zonal belts; the salt contents to the north and south of the high-salinity cores and their yearly variations; and their relationship to the ENSO phenomenon. During the ENSO events in the summers of 1972 and 1976, the following similar abnormalities in temperature and salinity characteristics occurred: 1. The isotherm within the range of depth from the lower limit of the high temperature water of the upper uniform layer to the 250m in the north tropical belt near 7?to 8?N, became intensely arched, indicating considerable upwelling of cold waters. 2. The heat contents in depth<100m water layer in the north or south tropical belt appeared lower, being a negative anomaly. 3. Occupying volume and salt content of the high-salinity cores in the North or South Pacific Ocean were rather high, being a positive anomaly. Moreover, the high salinity core in the South Pacific Ocean across the equator, might extend further north, reaching as far as 6?N. The occurrence and cause of the mentioned abnormal phenomena are discussed in this paper.关键词：155︒E section,summers,temperature and salinity
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发布时间：2023-04-28 - 摘要：This study of the teleconnections between South China Sea SST and equatorial eastern Pacific were studied by using the canonical correlation analysis showed that the relationships were closest when South China SST lagged equatorial eastern Pacific SST by twelve months. As a result of the South China Sea SST’s response to the El Nino events. The coefficients of the canonical correlation variation between the SST of the two sea regions were studied by using cross-spectrum analysis. The results showed that the two regions have period of about quasi-2 years, 3-4 years and 16.7 years.关键词：South China Sea SST,equatorial eastern Pacific SST
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发布时间：2023-04-28 - 摘要：The drought/flood index of precipitation in summer was determined based on the first component of precipitation total amount from June to August for 65 stations. Then, the relationship between the preceding South China Sea SST and the drought/flood in the middle and lower reaches of the Chang jiang River valleys and the southeastern region were studied by using the correlation matrix. The relationships were shown principally by the abnormal drought/flood years, the correlation of the preceding SST with the drought/flood were persistent for a certain period and indicated that the preceding SST contributed significantly to the formation of drought/flood in the middle and lower reaches of the Chang jiang River valleys. The results provide the reference for long-range forecast of drought/flood.关键词：South China Sea SST, precipitation in summer
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发布时间：2023-04-28 - 摘要：According to two-dimensional nonlinear ocean wave model, the standard Kirchhoff surface scattering model is extended to include the forth order surface statistics. The bistatic radar scatterting coefficient, which includes the surface correlation function, the surface skewness function and the surface kurtosis function, is derived. The radar backscattering cross section is calculated and the effects of the surface skewness function and the surface kurtosis function are also discussed. Conclusions can be drawn as follows: (1) the effect of the surface correlation function is dominant for the radar backscattering cross section, (2)the effect of the surface skewness function is the largest at the direction of surface tilt, (3)the larger the incidence angle is, the larger the effect of the surface kurtosis function on the radar backscatter cross section.关键词：NONLINEAR RANDOM SURFACES,Kirchhoff surface scattering model
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发布时间：2023-04-28 - 摘要：Study of sediment grain size composition and distribution paremeters of cores from the Laizhou Bay region, revealed the distribution range of the seawater intrusion channels and showed that they are divided into different types; and that the main seawater intrusion channels in the region are the marine and alluvial-pluvial sand layer in the Post-glacial, Interstadial and last Interglacial. The desertization on the Bohai Sea shelf in the last stage of the late Pleistocene had effect-on the seawater instrusion and the formation of the salt water transitional region and subterranean bittern.关键词：Laizhou Bay,seawater intrusion channels
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发布时间：2023-04-28 - 摘要：This study on the evolution of geomorphology and hydrodynamics in Fengche Creek at Jianggang Saltmarsh, Jiangsu showed that the geomorphologic development of Fengche Creek was mainly controlled by the hydrodynamics. The measured tidal current velocity in the creek in 1996 was only half of that in 1979. The creek bottom has silted up 1.31m due to deposition after the hydrodynamics weakened. An obvious feedback mechanism exited between the creek geomorphology and the hydrodynamics. The geomorphology factors, i.e., the slope of the creek bottom and the elevation, had impact on the hydrodynamics processes. For example, several velocity surges were observed in the tidal creek. These velocity surges can bring a mass of tidal water and sediment onto the saltmarsh surface, and strongly influence the evolution of the tidal creek and the upper saltmarsh. The grain size of surfacial sediments in the creek becomes finer from its mouth to the headwater; and the suspended sediment concentration at the mouth was higher.关键词：geomorphology,hydrodynamics ,Fengche Creek at Jianggang Saltmarsh, Jiangsu
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发布时间：2023-04-28 - 摘要：The distributions and relationships of hydrochemical elements (S, pH, NO3-N, NO2-N, NH4-N and PO4-P) in Bohai Bay and its eastern part waters in summer and autumn in 1983 are discussed. Correlation statistics showed that there were close negative linear correlationships between NO3-N or TIN (total inorganic N) or PO4-P and PH in autumn (November) due to the effect of biogeochemical processes. From July to November, the proportion of NO3-N in TIN increased from 20.6% to 59.1% and that of NO2-N and NH4-N decreased from 14.8% and 64.6% to 3.9% and 37.0%, respectively. Investigations showed that NH4-N was the main existence form of inorganic N in summer, early autumn and middle autumn; and that the thermodynamic equilibrium of NH4 -N--NO2-N—NO3-N was unreachable in the surveyed period.NO3-N concentration was low in summer and early autumn; the samples whose NO3-N concentrations could not be detected comprised 26.0% and 40.2% of all samples in July and September respectively, and was closely correlated to phytoplankton growth. High concentration of NH4-N in summer and early autumn showed that the change rate of NH4-N was low, that the direct cycle of NH4-N—phytoplankton-- NH4-N was formed and that NH4-N was the main source of N. Compared with 1959 in the same area and same period (except that the NH4-N concentration unchanged) the concentrations of NO3-N, TIN and PO4-P increased 1.9 times, 0.4 times and 1.3 times respectively, as a result of a lot of industrial and residential wastes (transported to the study area by coastal rivers such as the Yellow River, Haihe River and Luanhe River) that could enhance the biological productivity there. The low atomic ratio between TIN and PO4 -P (average 7.0) showed that inorganic N was the limition factor for phytoplankton growth关键词：Bohai Bay,hydrochemical elements
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发布时间：2023-04-28 -
CORROSION OF STEEL IN SEA-BOTTOM SEDIMENT Ⅲ. TWO PARAMETERS EVALUATION METHOD OF SEA-BOTTOM SEDIMENT
摘要：Weight-loss tests of three kinds of steel were conducted in various sea-bottom sediments. After analysis of sea-bottom sediment investigation results and of data on regional corrosion factors the authors propose a two-factor method for evaluating sea-bottom sediment corrosion. Two main factors affecting corrosion are sediment type and the number of sulfuric reduction bacteria. If A°is corrosion related to sediment type, B° the corrosion related to sulfuric reduction bacteria, then the total corrosion can be expressed as C°=A°+B°.关键词：sea-bottom sediment ,steel,two-factor metho- 93
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发布时间：2023-04-28 - 摘要：This paper reviews the progress in the study of marine biogeochemical processes of biogenic elements (C, N, P, S, Si) and consists of four parts: 1. The cycling of biogenic elements in the euphotic zone The air-sea exchange process of biogenic elements is an important link in the euphotic zone cycle. The interface behaviors of some trace gases which can affect global climate and the possible influencing factors (mainly referring to biological processes) are discussed. The exchange of carbon between atmosphere and ocean depends on the CO2 partial pressure (PCO2) difference; DMS is mainly released from the sea. PCO2 and DMS are controlled by biogeochemical processes to some extent. These results are useful to understanding systematically the importance of the ocean in global climate change. The euphotic zone is the most active region in the marine biogeochemical processes of biogenic elements. Phytoplanktons transform DIC into DOC by photosynthesis, absorbing nutrients (N, P, Si) in certain proportion. On the other hand, they are generally eaten by mesozooplankton and macrozooplankton, and are then excreted as sinking fecal pellets, some of them are decomposed and disolved again, others off the euphotic zone, including regenerated nutrients in mid-or deep-ocean, may be brought to upper water by upwelling. The processes of cycling and regeneration of biogenic elements in the euphotic sea are very complicated. 2. Marine biogeochemical process of particulates Important information concerning the biology, chemistry and geology of particulates can be obtained by studying their component variations, vertical fluxes and transport mechanism. By discussing the component variations with space and seasons, the particulates origin and function in transporting and storaging biogenic elements are reviewed. There are two main factors cited to explain the changes of vertical fluxes-biology and physics, such as the contribution of diatom bloom to exportable organic matter from the upper water, the influences of wave, lateral transport, El Nino/Southern Oscillation. The vertical transport mechanism of particulate matter tends to be dominated by the biogeochemical cycle. 3. The behaviour of biogenic elements near the sediment-water interface The exchange amount across the sediment-water interface is large. The fluxes from sediment to water in global oceans, Nansha lagoons, Xiamen western sea, etc. and the carbon fluxes to the sea floor in the Scheldt River estuary and Chesapeake Bay are summarized. The exchange processes keeping the interface ecological system balance and the behavior differences reflecting the different environmental characteristics are discussed on the basis of thermodynamics and kinetics theory, e.g. redox balance, percipitation-dissolution system, diagenetic process. In addition, the biological process affecting interface behaviours, such as phytoplankton and benthos bioturbation which strengthens the exchange between the water and sediment, are mentioned. 4. Role of small organisms in the marine biogeochemical cycle of biogenic elements Recently, small organisms (mainly referring to phytoplankton and bacteria), have been paid much more attention. Due to the finding of the microbial loop, the contribution of bacteria producers appear to be much greater than thought before. First, microorganisms are important storers of POM, especially in the eutrophic zone. Second, they can utilize biogenic elements. As decomposers, their contributions lie in returning the "lost" energy to the food chain. This is one of the key links in the biological process which controls elements cycling.关键词：biogeochemical processes,biogenic elements
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发布时间：2023-04-28 - 摘要：The coral reef ecosystem has high biomass and gross primary productivity, locates in tropical areas noted for very low dissolved nutrient concentrations. The reefs are truly “an oasis in a desert ocean”. The high productivity supporting the coral reef ecosystem is a “reef nutrient paradox”. Many researchers regarded the apparently contradictory aspects of and directed towards resolution of the “reef nutrient paradox”. About one quarter of the most recent research reports on “coral reef” concerns problems broadly termed the nutrient paradox. The main conclusion was that the coral reef ecosystems have low net productivity despite their high gross productivity, and are typically autotrophic communities. The main viewpoints were as follows: 1. The temperature of coastal upwelling water can drop below the lethal limit of algalcoral ecosystems; nutrient-rich upwelling water should produce a bloom of planktonic and benthic algae which should lead to a decrease in the input of light to the zooxanthellae-coral endosymbiotic system and eventually to eutrophication and coral polyp suffocation: increased destruction of reef frameworks by bioeroders whose abundance is directly related to the increase benthic algal biomass. 2. In oligotrophic regions, endo-upwelling can provide new nutrients to sustain the net primary production by zooxanthellae-coral symbiosis; Such primary production in turn supports coral skeletogenesis, microbial production and internal recycling of detrital organic matter injected into reef matrix by wave energy; The excess production and recycling of inorganic nutrients and organic carbon (chiefly zooxanthellae, mucus and dissolved organic mater) are exported to the adjacent ocean. Excess zooxanthellae purged in enormous numbers by the coral polyps may be consumed by zooplankton and benthos, the first links of the reef food chain. This food chain centered around a toll and barriers reef crests may explain the high biomass and secondary production observed in these oceanic oases. A permanent endo-up-welling can bring new nutrients to the surficial autotrophs, supporting the long-term growth and exportation of the ecosystem. 3. In the coral reef lagoons, the nutrient recycling is very rapid, water movement can transport nutrients into the lagoons and accelerate the nutrient assimilation of organisms. Based on a study of the Nansha coral reef ecosystem, South China Sea, this paper presents a new viewpoint -- “simulated drift-net theory”, which the reef nutrient paradox may be explained satisfactorily. The new viewpoint includes two parts: a. The main reason for the high gross productivity in the coral reef ecosystem is that the fixed tropical organisms there can enrich with a great amount nutrients in the oligotrophic water coming out from the reef. Because the coral reef organisms are relatively fixed and cannot drift with the moving water, they can adsorb much nutrients and become "nutrient enricher" of nutrient-poor waters. As a metaphorical meaning, the fixed organisms like a drift-net. Although fish is relatively little, they come into drift-net and are caught. The result is that fish is very much in drift-net. The "Simulated drift-net theory” is summarized in one sentence: The reason for the high gross productivity supporting the coral reef ecosystem is that the special biochemical reactor made up of relatively fixed tropical organisms enriches with a great amount nutrients the oligotrophic water coming out of the reef. b. The nutrient recycling in coral reef ecosystem is very rapid (about 5 to 25 times a year).关键词：high productivity,Nansha coral reef ecosystem,simulated drift-net theory
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发布时间：2023-04-28 - 摘要：Based on the special chemical characteristics of betaines and their analogues, ion-exchange chromotography was selected to extract and separate them from marine algae. Dragendroffs reagent(KBiI4) was used to test the existence of betaines and their analogues in marine algae. The total content of betaines from seven species was obtained by using the sediment method of Reinkeate salt. The result shows that the content of betaines in two species of Chlorophyta and two species of Rhodophyta are relatively high, the content of betaines in Enteromopha prolifera can even to 0.9%. The content in the three species of Phaeophyta is relatively low The total results obtained by above methods will be great value to determine how to exploit and ultilize betaines and their analogues in marine algae.关键词：betaines,seawee
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发布时间：2023-04-28 - 摘要：Seaweed pigments can be roughly divided into three classes: chlorophyll, carotenoid and phycobiliprotein. The carotenoids are among the most widespread and important ones. Because of their ubiquitous occurrence, different functions and interesting properties, carotenoids are the subject of interdisciplinary research in chemistry, biochemistry, biology, medicine, physics, and many other branches of science. Based on the research results worldwide, this article systematically introduces the structure, classification, properties and functions of each seaweed carotenoid, and makes prospects for their application to the food industry, medical treatment, and so on.关键词：Seaweed,caroteno
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发布时间：2023-04-28 - 摘要：Effects of Mg2+, Ca2+ and K+ in artificial seawater and trypsin and soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI)on oocyte activation in Penaeus chinensis were studied in the spring in 1997. The results showed that Mg2+ was a necessary factor in oocyte activation, but Ca2+ and K+ were not. They had the same effects on fertilized and unfertilized eggs. Trypsin (0. 1%) could dilute the jelly layer (JL)and hatching envelope (HE) and effect the normal cleavage of fertilized eggs. SBTI(0.01%) could completely inhibit oocyte activation and fertilization. Trypsin and SBTI had not effect on eggs 30min after the eggs were spawned. This showed that the completely formed JL and HE could protect against he effects of trypsin and SBTI. Laser scanning confocal microscope was used in comparative study on oocyte activation and cleavage characteristics of eggs in the test group and the control group.关键词：Penaeus chinensis,oocyte activation,Ca2+,Mg2+,K+,trypsin,soybean trypsin inhibitor
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发布时间：2023-04-28 - 摘要：The effects of growth hormone (GH)in the seawater on Penaeus Chinensis postlarval were studied. The GH-treated groups higher growth (in body length) and survial rates than the control groups; and built up its resistance to the change of high salinity. In addition, the fine structure of the gills of the shrimp treated with 43‰ salinity seawater was observed by electron microscope, and the osmoregulatory mechanism was investigated. Treatment with GH to accelerate growth important measure as it can advance the date of postlarva and avoid shrimp disease in the high temperature season.关键词：Penaeus Chinensis postlarval, growth hormone
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发布时间：2023-04-28 - 摘要：Feeding-growth experiments on young black porgy (Sparus macrocephalus B., 4.17-69.05g initial weight) were carried out at four ration levels from starvation to satiation and four temperatures ranging from 14.8℃ to 26.8℃. Nitrogen excretion was calculated from the nitrogen budget (CN=FN+UN+GN). At starvation, the energy losses in excretion correlated to body weight in multiple function and the coefficient b ranged from 0.56-0.77. In feeding fish, the relationships between excretion and food consumption were positive linear functions. Stepwise regression yielded the prediction model for energy excretion as: U=0.0098+0.0539C+0.0087W-0.0003WT (r2=0.932, P<0.0001)关键词：young black porgy,Feeding-growth,temperature,ration level,weight,energy excretion
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发布时间：2023-04-28 - 摘要：Feeding-growth experiments on young black porgy (Sparus macrocephalus B., 4.17-69.05g, initial weight) were carried out at four ration levels from starvation to satiation and four temperatures ranging from 14.8 to 26.8℃. Faeces collected with siphon were measured with oxygen bomb calorimeter. The fecal production increased with ration level and energy losses in faeces per unit food intake decreased with increasing food consumption. Digestibility correlated positively to ration level. The prediction model of energy losses in faeces involving the water temperature， food consumption and body weight, is given below as： INF=2.36+3.08lnC-0.43lnClnW+0.12lnClnWlnT-0.74lnClnT+0.13lnWlnT (R2=0.98, P<0.0001)关键词：young black porgy,faeces,ration level,energy losses
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发布时间：2023-04-28 - 摘要：It is well known that, even a simple colony in the primitive cheilostome bryozoans (such as Membraniporid and Electrid forms) is composed of two zones: a primary zone of astogenetic change and a primary zone of ontogenetic repetition. Within a colony, ontogenetic changes in morphology are recognizable along a gradient proximally from the growing margin and astogenetic changes in morphology are expressed on a gradient distally from the ancestrula. Therefore, morphological variations within a colony are usually recognizable and used often as the characters by which different taxa are distinguished from one another. The ancestrula or ancestrular group formed after metamorphosis of the larvae may be similar to the subsequently formed zooids in morphological details. Although there is controversy on the taxonomic and phylogenetic significance of the ancestrula and early astogeny of cheilostome bryozoans have been discussed, the authors try their best to address the subject on the basis of the abundant data on ancestrula and early astogeny found in about 300 species of suborders Malacostegina, Neocheilostomina (infraorders Pseudomalacostegomorpha, Cellulariomorpha and Cryptocystomorpha) and Ascophorina (infraorders Cribriomorpha, Hippothoomotpha, Umbonulomorpha and Lepraliomorpha), and attemp to reveal their morphological series in order to extract some information about the mode of evolution supportive of the phylolenetic development of Cheilostome Bryozoans. This paper is a theses on the subject 《Significance of Early Astogeny of Cheilostome Bryozoans in their Evolution》, deals with the early astogeny of suborder Malacostegina (Families Membraniporidae and Flustridae), and includes descriptions of a new genus and six new species.关键词：cheilostome bryozoans,early astogeny,MEMBRANIPORIDAE ,ELECTRIDAE
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发布时间：2023-04-28 - 摘要：Betaphycus Doty, Eucheuma J. Agardh and Kappaphycus Doty are three important economic red genera that distribute in tropical and subtropical areas, belong to Eucheumatoidae, Solieriaceae, Gigartinales and Rhodophyta, and have been used as raw materials for the production of carrageenan. Samples of the three genera, collected and kept for many years, or received from foreign countries, are deposited in the Herbarium of the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.关键词：Eucheumatoidae,china
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发布时间：2023-04-28 - 摘要：This paper deals with the species of the family Terebridae of the China coasts. The materials studied comprise 772 samples collected by the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica, during the period 1950-1993. About 2458 specimens were obtained, 69 species were identified. Of these, 33 species (marked with asterisk) are first records for China. These species are as follows:关键词：Family Terebridae,Chinese species
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发布时间：2023-04-28 - 摘要：The present paper based on materials collected along Chinese coastal waters in the past years deals with the Conidae. We supplemented the number of species after studying these samples. Ten species were identified, six of them, recorded for the first time from China (marked with *). All of the species listed as follows were found in the south China sea. List of species as follows: Conus mustelinus Hwass Conus eugrammatus Bartsch and Rehder *Conus hypochlorous Tomlin *Conus vimineus Reeve *Conus coelinae Crosse *Conus striatellus Link *Conus moreleti Crosse Conus balteatus Sowerby Conus luteus Sowerby *Conus sibogae Schepman关键词：Conidae,China seas
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发布时间：2023-04-28 - 摘要：Based on the general ecosystem protoplast and results of analysis of the contents of 2607 fish individuals belonging to 53 species in the Jiaozhou Bay ecosystem, the ecosystem is dividied into six subsystems: zoophankton X2, benthos X7，detritus feeder X4，zooplankton feeder X3，zoobenthos feeders X8 and nekton feeders X5， plankton X1, and the content of organic matter in sediment X6 were regarded as input and the nekton feeders as output, over the year mooth by month investigation data was used to develop the ecosystem model by applying grey system theory, whose differential equations are as follows:关键词：Jiaozhou Bay,ecosystem
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发布时间：2023-04-28
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