最新刊期
期 0 ， 2020
- 摘要：A discussion is made on the thermodynamic equilibrium of nitrogen cycle in the sea. Most of the NH4+, NO2- and NO3-; must be converted to NO3- at thermodynamic equilibrium state. The seasonal variations of nitrogen compounds in English channel, Long Island Sound the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea suggest that the NH4+ and NO2- are not converted sufficiently to NO3-. The system of NH4+, NO2-and NO3- are not in the thermodynamic equilibrium state, but there is a difference in the degree of conversion. The degree of conversion is low in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea. The system of NH4+, NO2- and NO3-, is not in the thermodynamic equilibrium state, mainly due to activity of phytoplankton. The difference in the degree of conversion in NH4+ to NO3- is related to period of growth of phytoplankton. The NH4+ is converted to NO3- more sufficiently in the state of long period, as in the English Channel and Iong Island Sound. The conversion is not sufficiently in the state of short period, as in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea.关键词：nitrogen cycle;thermodynamic equilibrium
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发布时间：2023-04-28 - 摘要：Seasonal variations in the N contents in two breeds of Laminaria japonica Aresch, the common cultivated breed and the Haiging No. 1**colleeted in 1962 and 1963 were studied, and the results were diseussed in conneetion with the hydrochemical factors.关键词：Seasonal variations;amino acids;LAMINARIA JAPONICA ARESCH
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发布时间：2023-04-28 - 摘要：The thermodynamic state of sea water is discused by the systems of I,N and Fe and some properties of physical chemistry of sea water. It is coneluded that the sea water is at thermodynamic unstable state in many systems in consequence of biological activity, water movement and chemical process of estuary. If sea water leaves the nature, it tends to thermodynamic stable state automatically.关键词：thermodynamic state;physical chemistry
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发布时间：2023-04-28 - 摘要：The treatments of the observations of short period are necessary often for tidal stereams and sometimes for tides. In the present paper some methods for extraction of harmonie constants from short period observations are suggested on the foundation of the quasi-harmonic expression(2) or(3)。 Method 1 or 2 deals with the observational series, which consists of several sets each of them including 24 records at hourly intervals. Both methods use Doodson's hourly multipliers (4) to separate the species 1, 2 and 4 for each set, then the least squares method is applied for determining the harmonic constants.关键词：analysis and prediction;tide;quasi-harmonic constituent metho
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发布时间：2023-04-28 - 关键词：OCEAN WAVE FORCES;A SPECTRAL METHOD
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发布时间：2023-04-28 - 摘要：Based on the geostrophic equation and the assumption that the bottom velocity is to be vanished, a practical method is proposed for computing the velocity of the geostrophic flow in shallow water of varying depth. In this method, instead of the usual eonsideration of the distribution of the specific volume in imaginary water mass as the former authors did, the velocity is computed approximately by the horizontal density gradients in real water mass. Examples show that the computation results are rather satisfactorily agreeable with observations.关键词：elocity of geostrophic flow;computation
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发布时间：2023-04-28 - 摘要：In a study of diatom collections from the South China Sea,we came across some centric diatoms with weakly silicified wall and very fine surface ornamentation. A cetailed study of their microstrueture by means of the phase contrast microscope and electron microscope shows that they may be classified into five hitherto undescribed species,namely: 1.Coscinodiscus minutifasciculatus sp nov. 2.Coscinodiscus tenuithecus sp. nov. 3.Coscinodiscus shantouensis sp nov. 4.Coscinodiscus hainanensis sp. nov. 5.Coscinodiscus planithecus sp. nov. Their distinctive morphological characters as brought out by the phase contrast microscope and the electron microscope are deseribed in detail.关键词：Coscinodiscus;South China Sea;new species
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发布时间：2023-04-28 - 摘要：The present paper deals with twenty four speeies of the genus Gracilaria Grev. collected from the China coast. Five of them, namely, G. articulata, G. firma, G. hainanensis, G. rubra and G. tenuistipitata are here described as new to science and described as follows. Six of them, namely, G. cacalia (J. Ag )Dawson, G. gigas Harv, G. megaspora ( Dawson )papenfuss, G minor(Sond ) Durairatnam, G salicornia (Ag )Dawson and G. sjoestedtii Kylin are found and now added to the list of the marine flora of China. The remaining thirteen species of Gracilaria, including one pecies with newly eombined name, viz., G, spinuiosa (Okam.) C.F. Chang et B. M.Xia, are credited to Chinese waters. namely, G. arcuata Zan. G. blodgettii Harv.,G.bursa-pastoris (Gmel.) Silva, G. chorda Holm, G. coronopifolia J.Ag.,G.crassa Harv., G. eucheumoides Harv, G. textorii (Sur )De-Toni,G. verrucosa (Huds. )Papenf, G. corticata J. Ag.,G. lingula J.Ag.and G. punctate (Okam.) Yamada. Among these, no specimens of the last three species are present in cur collection of Chinese marine algae. It is to be noted that the records of “G. corticata and G. lingula” are probably erroneous, but since the specimens on which these records were based are not available now, it is not possible to correct the identifications at this time. Antheridia of G. crassa and G. minor as well as tetrasporangia of G. megaspora are reported herein for the first time. The species name Gracilaria purpurascens Harv. ex J. Agardh (1884) of Gracilariaceae is a later homonym of G. purpurascens (Huds. )Greville, a name previously and transferred to Cystoclomium by Kützing (1843).Therefore, this later homonym must be rejected. Since Rhodymenia spinulosa Okamura (1934), which was relegated to a forma of Gracilaria purpurascens (Harv.)J. Ag. by Yamada(1941), is the older, it is necessary to elevate the name as Gracilaria spinulosa (Okam. ) C. F.Chang et B. M, Xia, comb. nov. Consequently, the name G. purpurascens (Harv.) J. Ag. f. purpurascens is untenable. G. spinulosa f srilankia C F Chang et B M, Xia nom.nov. All specimens, including the types of new species, are deposited in the Herbarium of the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica. Of the critera which may be used in distinguishing species of Gracilaria, we have found the structure of the pericarp in the cystocarp as seen in longitudinal section to be the most satisfactory, and in this paper the decidable division of species has been based on this character.关键词：Gracilaria Grev.;new species
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发布时间：2023-04-28 - 关键词：LAMINARIA JAPONICA ARESCH;CULTIVATION
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发布时间：2023-04-28 - 摘要：Under the guidanee of Chairman Mao’s revolutionary line, scientific activities on experimental cultivation of marine organisms have been widely and vigorously carried out along the coastal regions of China. The poor and lower-middle peasants of Changdao County, together with the researchers of the Bureau of Marine Fisheries,Changdao County and of the Institute of Marine Fisheries, Yantai District, have condueted a series of experiments on the artificial breeding and cultivation of the holothurian, Stichopus japonicus Selenka. In 1972-1975, using the artificial induction method of increasing temperature to stimulate sperm releasing and egg production, they have suceessfully obtained about 170,000 juvenile holothurians. Juveniles artificially reared in concrete ponds and fed with dried powder of various algae (Entermorpha, Sargassum thunbergii, Rhodomela confervoides, etc.) and with a locally known feed" '(a greenish brown mud scraped from the surface of rocks that is rich in diatoms and organic debris)reached sexual maturity within a period of two years. This paper gives a detailed account of the experiments conducted during the past four years.关键词：STICHOPUS JAPONICUS SELENKA;ARTIFICIAL BREEDING;CULTIVATION
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发布时间：2023-04-28 - 摘要：The abalone Haliotis diversicolor Reeve is widely distributed along the coast of the southern East China Sea and the South China Sea. Rearing experiments were made on specimens larger than 6 cm collected from the coast waters of Dongshan Dao, Fujian Province. In this region, during the period from May to August, with water temperature between 24-28°C, large quantities of this abalone at different stages of sexual development may be found. Its main spawning season is from mid May to late June at water temperature between 25°Cto26°C. During the past three years we were suecessful in inducing spawning of sexually mature individuals under controlled temperature conditions. With an initial sea water temperature of 25.2°C, we gradually raised it to 28.7°C. Twenty minutes after we lowered the temperature of the water 2-3 degrees centigrade below the initial water temperature. Under such temperature conditions the sexually mature male individuals were observed to ejaculate and the female individuals to spawn. The fertilized eggs are spherical, with a diameter of 0.20 mm(ineluding egg membrane), the yolk measuring 0.16 mm. The division of the egg is total, unequal and spiral. The sequence of the embryonic development of the zygote is summarized as follows: During the veliger stage, at a mean temperature of 27°C, and with Platymonas elgolandaca var. tsingtaoensis as food, the shell increases about 15 μ each day. The shell of peristomal stage inereases about 50 μ each day,with the appearance of the first respiratory pore it inereases about 90 μ each day. The food during the larval stage consists of Platymonas,Navicula,Coconeis etc.,The juvenile with a length of 4-5 mm is able to eat the common algae.关键词：Haliotis diversicolor Reeve;artificial rearing
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发布时间：2023-04-28 - 摘要：Reared Spring Spats The reared spring spats fertilized on April 19, 1972 grew to commereial sizes in August the next year with a shell length averaging 70 mm and a body weight 27.1 g.The growth of shell length was faster in the first year than in the second year. The increase of shell length reached as high as 0.358mm per day and the maximum daily growth rate was 6.3%. The inerease in shell weight was also greater in the first year than in the second but its rate. however. was smaller Generally speaking, the second year ean still be regarded as blooming period for the growth of mussels. In the winter of the first year when the temperature was very low, the shell part virtually ceased to grow while the soft part continued to inerease in weight.In the spring of the next year (from April to July) as a result of breeding the soft part undergone several times of monthly cyclical weight reduction, the aggregate loss of weight often amounted to 1.2 times the weight of the soft part itself. The greatest reduction in weight (60%)was recorded during breeding period from late April to early May. Reared Autumn Spats The reared autumn spats fertilized on October 5,1972 grew to an average shell length of about 10 mm in June the next year which were then available for produetion purpose. Natural Spring Spats In the last ten days of August, the average shell length of natural spring spats was about 10 mm(the bigger ones measured 26 mm)and were good for attachment in flowing water. In mid-september, many individuals grew to a shell length of 15 to 25 mm(the bigger ones reached 36 mm), which were good for reattachment by binding them to new ropes with netting. The natural spring spats attached to the wharves of Yantai port and those growin on the reefs were much smaller in size than those on the cultured rafts. As to those spats growing on the cultured rafts at Jingou Bay, those nearer the site from the seashore were bigger in size than those at the farther site.关键词：MUSSELS;Yanta
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发布时间：2023-04-28 - 摘要：1.Octopus nanhaiensis sp. nov 2. Octopus striolatus sp. nov. 3. Octopus guangdongensis sp nov.关键词：Octopus;new species
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发布时间：2023-04-28 - 摘要：The present paper is the second part of our study on the Radiolaria of the East China Sea. A total of 98 species was examined. They are distributed into the following orders: Spumellaria……………55 species (8 new, 7 uncertain) Nassellaria………………36 species (9 new, 2 uncertain) Phaeodaria………………6 species (2 uncertain) Sticholonchea……………1 species Four genera and 17 species are new. Sixty-six species are first records for chinese waters. Diagnoses and deseription of new genera and new species are given below. Type specimens are deposited in the Institute of Oceanology, Aeademia Sinica. The classification of the various genera under the subfamily Buchitoninae by Haeckel is based on the number of arms and on the presence or absence of a patagium.In addition to these charaeteristies, Cleve(1901)also considered the structure of the skeleton as an important basis of distinetion. According to the structure of the arms, we consider that the species of the subfamily Euchitoninae may be grouped into those with spongy arms and those with chambered arms, A synopsis of the classification of this subfamily is as follows:关键词：the East China Sea;Radiolaria
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发布时间：2023-04-28 - 摘要：Lunella coronata (Gmelin), is a species widely distributed and commonly found along the coast of China. A total of 1,438 specimens colleeted from 48 different localities along the coast during the years 1950-1964 were studied. All these specimens are hereby grouped under six samples, viz. I-VI(fig. 1)aceording to the localities of collection, the latitudes where they are distributed and their relative similarity of aggregate characteristics. Fourteen different morphological parts of the shell and radula of each specimens were measured, and the figures thus obtained were arranged and treated in the way of biological statistics as are shown in tables 1-8 and figures 2-6. In general, there are five common characteristics and no significant differences in morphological character can be traced. They are: operculum index (operculum breadth×100/operculum length), index of operculum nucleus deviation (the shortest distance between operculum nucleus and its edge×100/operculum length), index of radula breadth (breadth of radula×100/shell height), index of the distance between two radula rows (the distance between two rows of radula×100/shell height),and the index of the distance between two cusps of central tooth (the distance between two cusps of central tooth×100/shell height). However, there are nine charaeteristies from which significant differences in morphological character are noticeable. They are: spire index (shell height ×100/shell breadth) index of body whorl (body whorl height×100/shell height), size of umbilicus, size of tubercle of the Ist and 5th row, index of operculum length (operculum length×100/shell height), index of operculum breadth (operculum breadth×100/ shell height), index of radula length (radula length×100/shell height)and number of rows of radula.关键词：LUNELLA CORONATA;geographical variation;morphological character
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发布时间：2023-04-28 - 摘要：The present paper deals exclusively with the species of the genus Drupa of the China coasts. The material studied comprises 289 samples, collected by the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica since 1950 and by the Fan Memorial Institute of Biology before 1949. Out of the 2857 specimens examined, 20 species were identified, of which 6 species are first records for China (with asterisk). So far as the Chinese seas are concerned, the speeies of the genus Drupa occur only in the South China Sea, and most of them live on coral reefs. A large number of these species are distributed in the Xisha Is.,in southern Hainan and in Taiwan Province. Only 2 species are found along the mainland coast of Guangdong Province. Of the species studied, D. granulata (Duclos) D.uva Roeding, D. margariticola (Broderip), D. musiva (Kiener) and D. elata (Blainville)are more abundant, while D. clathrata (Lamarck) D. biconica (Blainville) D. borealis (Pilsbry), D. anaxares (Kiener),D.marginata (Blainville), D. ochrostomd (Blainville), D. cancellata (Quoy et Gaimard )are rare. Of these species, 16 are known to be common to Japan, 17 to the Philippines, 13 to the Australia, 16 to the central Pacitic and to the Indian Ocean.It is remarkable that there are 4 species eommon to the east Pacific and 1 species to west Africa.关键词：Drupa;Muricidae
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发布时间：2023-04-28 - 摘要：The present paper deals with the species of the family Strombidae found from China coasts. The materials were mainly collected by the Institute of Oceanology,Academia Sinica in the past 24 years. It ineludes 20 species and 5 subspecies, belonging to 4 genera and 10 subgenera, of which 4 species are recorded for the first time from China. Most of the above species are also found in the neibouring regions of China coasts (see the table).关键词：Strombidae;new recor
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发布时间：2023-04-28 - 摘要：In order to develop a method applicable for the analysis of fish fat content in fishery biological investigation, three methods of sampling, seven methods of sample preservation, and four analytical methods were comparatively studied during 1964-1965, and 1025 samples were determined. The results obtained are summarized below: When the fat content is less than 25%, cold-ether-extraeting method is better than Soxhlet’s method as it requires no special equipments and the testing time required is half that of Soxhlet's. Therefore, this easy performing method is recommended in fishery investigations.
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发布时间：2023-04-28 - 摘要：Marine bivalves had been recorded in China for its use as antitumor drugs ancient times. Folklore use of such a drug can be found even today in the fishing villages along the Chinese coast. The present study was condueted, employing modern scientific methods. to search for antitumor drugs from marine organisms in our seas. Pharmacological tests showed that the extract of the common edible clam Venerupis (Amygdala) philippinarum, often abundant in Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, exhibited a certain inhibitory action against some experimental tumors in rodents. Its inhibitory value varies with the seasonal changes. Extract from specimens collected in April-June, 1972-1973, showed a higher inhibitory value than that collected in August-October of the same years. Of the eight groups of the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma tested, all prolonged the survival time by more than 50%, of which four groups by more than 100%, two groups over 200%. Of the five groups of hepatic carcinoma ascitie form tested, four groups showed a prolongation of over 50-100% in survival time. Higher inhibitory rates were also recorded for the two groups of both sarcoma 180 and hepatic cincinoma solid form tested, namely, >60% and >40% respectivily. The inhibitory value of the extract from materials collected in August-October was, however, considerably low. It is suggested that the seasonal change of inhibitory value is dependent on the physiological states of the clams, such as the periodical development of sexual gland and the seasonal change in liver. This extract was also found to have an inhibitory action in HeLa cell test. It should be emphasized, that there exists some allergen in the present extract. Further investigations are neeessary before the extract can be put into clinical trials.关键词：antitumor drugs;extraction;AMYGDALA
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发布时间：2023-04-28 - 摘要：The paper presents the results of field observation on the ecology and burrow of eleven species of crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura) found on the Cangkou mud beach and Shazikou sand beaches, carried out in the period from May, 1963 to November 1964. The morphology of their burrows as well as the environmental factors influencing the form of their burrows such as temperature, salinity, etc., are deseribed.关键词：ecology and burrow observation;crabs;ntertidal zone
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发布时间：2023-04-28 - 摘要：In this paper, a new principle for measuring sea waves is suggested, and a wave recorder of equal-resistance contact type has been designed and constructed. Results of laboratory experiments and field works prove that the linearity of this method is satisfactory, and meanwhile the zero-line can be recorded. It is suitable for measuring waves in different regions of the sea, and can be operated with synchronous measurement of other oceanic dynamic elements and without interference. Furthermore, in the electrical circuit, the connetive usage with recording system is considered. It provides, for the self-observation of sea waves, a simple and light instrument which is appropriate to manufacture by sets.
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发布时间：2023-04-28 - 关键词：PISTON CORE APPARATUS;operation
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发布时间：2023-04-28
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