最新刊期
期 28 ， 1987
- 摘要：Extreme sea levels are traditionally estimated from extrapolation of observed annually maximum (or minimum ) sea level heights, by fitting an extreme-value distribution. This approach needs long-term observation, which is often not available for some newly developing areas. Pugh and Vassie (1978) proposed combining the probability distributions of tide and surge to obtain the probability distribution of tota (tide plus surge) sea level. In that study, tide and surge were regarded as independent. I ater, Pugh and Vassie (1980)studied the extreme sea level at Southend and concluded that the interaction between tide and surge was important for estuarine areas. In the present study the dependence of the probability distribution of surge on tidal level is examined. It is shown that for some Chinese coastal areas the statistical characteristics of surge in the case of lower tidal level can be twice as large as that for higher tidal level. This is attributted to the meteorological effects. The strong northerly monsoon in winter can cause larger surges and lower the tidal level at the same time. In order to take into account the dependence of the surge distribution on tidal level, the conditional distribution of surge versus tide is introduced. The marginal distribution of tide can be simply obtained through the statistics of the predicted tidal heights for a period of 19 years. The distributions of surge corresponding to different tid levels are considered as"similar”, that is, the normalized distributions of surge corresponding to different tidal levels are considered as identical to each other and are the same as the normalized marginal distribution of surge. Thus, the conditional distribution of surge can be calculated from the normalizedmarginal distribution and the standard deviation of surge corresponding to different tidal level. From the joint distribution of tide and surge the distribution of total sea level can be obtained. The extreme sea levels obtained from the joint probability method are compares with those obtaind from the traditional method. It is shown that general consistency is achieved if the observational sea level series are long, and the former results are much more stable than the latter if the observational sea level series are short.关键词：EXTREME SEA LEVELS,JOINT PROBABILITY,OCEAN ENGINEERING
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发布时间：2023-04-28 - 摘要：A tidal level measurement project was carried out to estimate the design criteria for enginnering applications in the Chengdao Oil Field located northwest of the Yellow River estuary. Sea level was measured at a coastal station for a period of more than one year winter excluded because of icing. In the offshore area, tidal measurements were carried out at 8 stations: at one station for 2 months, at another 3 stations for 1 month, and at the remaining 4 stations for 2 days. The tidal records from offshore stations were analysed using regular methods. The tidal record at a coastal station was often interrupted during low water period. To extract tidai harmonics from these interrupted data, data gaps were filled artificially before conducting tidal analysis to obtain the harmonics, used to predict the sea level for the poriod of the gaps. Then the predicted sea level heights were used to replace the artificially given heights and a new analysis was made. The same procedure was repeated several times until the harmonics did not change. To confirm the validity of this approach, we used the tidal retcord of the longest offshore station and discarded the low water part data. The remaining data were analysed using the above approach. The obtained tidal harmonics differed only slightly (within 0.6cm in amplitude and 2° in phase lag) from those obtained by using original complete data. Analysis of the sea level records, yielded the distribution of the sea level for use as design criteria for engineering applications in the Chengdao Oil Field.关键词：SEA LEVELS, CHENGDAO OFFSHORE OIL FIELD
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发布时间：2023-04-28 - 摘要：There were no wave investigations, and few data on the Huanghe River Delta offshore area were available before 1984. Since then about 5 years investigation in the sea area around the 5# pile was started to provide scientific basis for development of the area’s petroleum and natural gas resources, expansion of communication transportation, port construction, etc. Eight or more times of 15 minutes running recording measurement were made daily at 6m water depth in strong winds, yielded wave data (on 31 typical strong winds directed mainly N to NE) analysis of which was important for clarifying wave characteristics (such as distribution of individul wave heights and periods and their correlations ) and showed that: 1) Shallow water wave heights and periods follow Weibull distribution, 2) Wave height and period are not independent because the correlation coefficient is 0.42, and 3) Shallow water waves. have. Clearly regional characteristics.关键词：HUANGHE RIVER DELTA,SHALLOW WATER WAVE HEIGHT
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发布时间：2023-04-28 - 摘要：This paper reports the main results of oceanographic investigations of the shallow water front area outside the Subei (Northern Jiangsu Province)Shoal. The observations showed that the surface cold water and the shallow water front were restricted by an underwater sand ridge stretching northward. Comparison of the geostrophic current with the measured currerent showed that the dynamic height could be used to describe the scheme of water. movement in this area. A strong current in the upper layer near the front, the upwelling in the left shallow water area of the front, and the downwelling in its right deeper water area were all identified by the current data and the distributions of temperature and salinity. Notable variations of distributions of the surface cold water and the front were also found according to measured temperature data and remote sensing data from satellite.关键词：SUBEI SHOAL,SHALLOW WATER FRONT
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发布时间：2023-04-28 - 摘要：The Huanghe and Changjia paleo-rivers developed before high sea level in Holocene formed a broad fluvial plain and river mouth delta on the South Yellow Sea continentai shalf. Use of high resolution geophysical instruments revealed buried the Huanghe and Changjiang paleo-rivers valleys at more than 100 stations. The old Huanghe River which formed after high sea level in Holocene and before change of it's course in 1855 A D, emptied through the Subei Plain into the South Yellow Sea for 700 years resulting in formation of the accumulation shore plain of 104km2 and the north old Huanghe-changjiang combined delta of 3*104km2，besides, the old Huanghe River transported (250-400*104t/a) sediment to the center part of the South Yellow Sea to form thin Holocene sediment layer. More than 99% of the sediment load from the modern Huanghe River deposited in the Bohai Sea. Less than 1% is transported and round the Chengshan Cape to affect the northwest part of the South Yellow Sea. However there is only small immediate influence on the center and deeper part because of the presence of the Huanghai Cold Water Mass. Sediment loads from the modern Changjiang River were mainly transported southeastward and eastward. A part of it can be carried into the South Yellow Sea. The South Yellow Sea historically was a mixed deposition area of sediment from the Huanghe and Changjiang rivers, but the modern accumulation rate is small.关键词：HUANGHE AND CHANGJIANG RIVERS SEDIMENT LOADS,SOUTH YELLOW SEA SEDIMENTATION, LATE PLEISTOCENE
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发布时间：2023-04-28 - 摘要：This study was based on data from a field survey in Liaodong Bay. on the distribution of natural bulk density and water content in surface sediments. Analysis of the correlation among natural bulk density, water content and grain size (<0.1 mm, <0.01 mm, <0.001 mm)showed negative correlation between natural bulk density and grain size, and positive correlation between water content and grain size(<0.01 mm).关键词：NATURAL BULK DENSITY,WATER CONTENT,SURFACE SEDIMENTS,LIAODONG BAY,RELATION WITH GRAIN SIZE
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发布时间：2023-04-28 - 摘要：The many biogenic and nonbiogenic pyrites in the 607cm long core H-106 taken from 70m water depth in the central South Yellow Sea were composed of numerous tiny framboids consisting of countless tiny octahedral crystals. Electron microprobe analysis showed the pyrites were mainly composed of sulfur (50.59% in average) and iron (47.94% in average). Lighter sulfur dominate the sulfur isotope composition of pyrite. The values of sulfur isotopes range from-39.5 to-28.9 per mil (average of-36.0 per mil). The sulfur isotope fractionation coefficient between pyrite and sulfate in seawater is from 1.0510 to 1.0626. There was little variation of sulfur isotopic composition with core depth. The research showed pyrite formed in the sediments slowly deposited in the study area where average bottom water temperature in 24 years is 8.06℃ and average concentration of organic matter and iron in the sediments are 2.14% and 4.6%, respectively. Sulfur isotopic composition and other evidence showed the. pyrite here was formed slowly(about 10 years).关键词：South Yellow Sea,authigenic pyrites
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发布时间：2023-04-28 - 摘要：Mineral compositions of x1 core sediment samples from Beibu Gulf were studied by the X-ray diffraction method. The parameters Mc/Q, TF/Q and P/K revealed the sedimentary environment changes from Pliocene to Holocene, and showed that the studied area was shallow sea facies environment during Pliocene and Holocene, and that the land facies sediments were mainly distributed during Pleistocene, but that the transgression sequence was formed in the middle stage of Late Pleistocene.关键词：X-ray diffraction method, BEIBU GULF CORE-X1 SEDIMENT SAMPLES
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发布时间：2023-04-28 - 摘要：Based on the surface distributions of the hydrochemical elements(S, O2, PO4 -P, SiO3-Si，NO3 -N, NO2 -N, NH4-N) in the flood and dry seasons in 1959 and 1984. this research on the effects of location changes of the Yellow River estuary in 1964 and 1976 on its hydrochemical environment and biological productivity showed that after the changes, the water tongues of the low salinity and high concentration nutrients moved from their positions near the original Yellow River estuary to the vicinity of the present Yellow River estuary; that the main influential area of the Yellow River brackish water moved to Laizhou Bay; and that the concentrations of all the elements changed. Before the change of river mouth position, NO3-N and NO2-N were exhausted by phytoplankton in many waters, the average of the atomic ratio between total inorganic N and PO4-P was only 4.5, and NO3-N was the main limiting factor for phytoplankton growth in the estuary area. After the change NO3-N concentration increased by 3.7 tinies,the atomic ratio between total inorganic N and PO4-P had reached 36 in the water affected by the Yellow River water. The large increase of inorganic N in the relocated (present) estuary is the main reason for the increase of phytoplankton in that area, Where the Yellow River freshwater and nutrients are now used to full advantage to enhance the biologcal productivity there.关键词：hydrochemical elements,Yellow River estuary
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发布时间：2023-04-28 - 摘要：Sinking matter is a carrier of chemical elements in the sea for transfering. The paper is the result of the study on the sinking matter, which was collected with the sediment traps in the 15m and 68m depth water layers in the East China Sea at32°00′N,126°00′E, in May and July, 1990. The grade distribution of sinking matter and plankton in the whole water column,biological species and number, and contents of chemical elements, were analysed and examined.The results show that the grade distribution and biological species in the sinking matter were similar to that of plankton. The paper describes the spatial and temporal characters. of meral element content in spring and summer, the relationships among the particulate metals and the existence forms of the particulate metals in the sinking matter.关键词：Sinking matter,East China Sea
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发布时间：2023-04-28 - 摘要：Analysis of two series of nine each grab samples, obtained in various months from May,1983 to May, 1984 in stations 5206, and 5207, revealed the patterns of benthos quantity dynamics in an upwelling area in Taiwan Strait. The diversity index (H’) and evenness index (J’) of various benthos samples were all more than 3 and 0.7 respectively. Those indicate some of benthos community structure are similar to lower latitude waters. But there are two and five species being dominant respectively, Which show other community structure is similar to midle and higher latitude waters. On the other hand, the similarity index (S) of pairs of samples taken in warm season months were all more than 0.4 and this is also in the cold,but ones taken in warm and cold season months were lower than this, indicating the difference in community structure in warm and cold season.关键词：Taiwan Strait,upwelling area,benthos
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发布时间：2023-04-28 - 摘要：This paper describes the evolution of the life history patterns for main marine fishes such as hairtail Trichiurus haumela (Forskal), small yellow croaker Pseudosciaena polycactis Bleeker,large yellow croaker P. crocea (Richardson),filefish Navodon septentrionalis Gunther,herring Clupea harengus Pallasi, spanish mackerel Scomberomorus niphonius (Cuvier et Valenciennes), mackerel Pneumatophorus japonicus Houttuyn, harvestfish Pampus argenteus (Euphrasen) and Chinese herring Ilisha elongata (Bennett). The relationships between life history patterns and populations dynamics are compared and summerized as follows. The population structure has become simpler. Formerly the remainder dominated spawning stock but recently recruitment of stock exceeds the remainder. For large yellow croaker the remainder of the stock exceeds the recruitment. Maturation is usually spread over several years and the composition was of complicated structure in the 1950s.The life spans of the large and small yellow croakers which could reach to twenty nine and twenty three years in the 1950s, decreased to seven and two years respectively. With the change of the stock structure the life history patterns of population change from stable k-selection to unstable r-selection. The average life spans and lengths of species for the most part have declined. Their growth goes on at an accelerated pace, and sexual maturity comes earlier, and their biological indices undergo a series of changes, after the stock decrease. the results show life history patterns in marine fishes of the China Sea are mostly that of r-selection, but that more and more are tending to be of the r-selection pattern with the change of the population structure. The population structure of a species or of groups within a species has a certain stability.In addition, a species exists under continuously changing conditions, so the structure resembles other features of the species in changing continually within certain limits,which represent adaptation to the changing conditions of life. It has been demonstrated that fishing has marked and various effects on populations, depending on their population dynamics. Overfishing of some species has reduced their numbers and led to a progressive fall in catches, especially for bottom fishes.关键词：COASTAL WATERS OF CHINA, LIFE HISTORY PATTERNS,POPULATION DYNAMICS
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发布时间：2023-04-28 - 摘要：This paper presents the results of study on polychaeta in the Bohai Sea. The materials for study were collected from 101 stations in June 1982-November 1983. The species composition and distributions of biomass and density are described and discussed. Of the 189 species recorded here, 115 species were collected during cruises, 74 species were recorded before. The distribution pattern of biomass was different from that of the density. Relative abundance of biomass was found in the Liaodong Bay, but relative abundance of density was found in the central area of the Bohai Sea. Low biomass and density were at the bottoms of the Liaodong Bay,Bohai Bay and Laizhou Bay. The average biomass of polychaeta was 1.99 g/㎡, about 8.7% of the total macrobenthic infauna. The average density of polychaeta was 96 ind /㎡，about 28.1% of the total macrobenthic infauna.关键词：POLYCHAETA, BOHAI SEA
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发布时间：2023-04-28 - 摘要：Bohai Sea is a semi-enclosed sea in northern part of China. Its fish fauna comprises about 156 species. The Chondrichthian fishes are represented by 5 orders, 12 families and 18 species.The Osteichthian fishes are represented by 14 orders, 54 families and 138 species, among which the perciformes predominate in number of families (22) and species (59). Other larger orders are Scorpaeniformes (7 families, 16 species),Clupeiformes (4 families, 16 species);Pleuronectiformes (14 families, 16 species ) and Tetraodontiformes (4 families, 15 species). Based on the distributional patterns and temperate nature, the fish fauna there consists of three elements: (1) The warm-water element; comprising 21. 8% of the total and consisting of 34 species, of which 30 species distribute in the Indo-west Pacific region, (2)The warm-temperate element comprising 52.6%(82 species) and (3) The cold-temperare element (25.6%) with 40 species, except for one widespread species, the fishes belonging to the latter two elements are all Northwest Pacific species. The warm-temperate species are predominant, although the cold-temperae species are also important in this fauna and in highest proportion as compared to the fish fauna of other Chinese seas. The warm-water species reaching the Bohai Sea only in warm months are eurythermic tropical species but not the typical tropical species. All the 156 Bohai Sea fish species are also common to the Yellow Sea,where the fish fauna (about 300 species) is much richer, so that the Bohai Sea fish fauna can be considered as a component part of the Yellow Sea fauna.关键词：FISH FAUNA, BOHAI SEA
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发布时间：2023-04-28 - 摘要：A sea anemone specimen collected by the author on September 19, 1980, in Qingdao. It was identified to be a new species and being as holotype. Half of its body is being study to internal structure, the description of which is as follows:关键词：GENUS ACTINOTHOE,SAGARTIIDAE, ACTINARIA
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发布时间：2023-04-28 - 摘要：In Studying the benthic oysters and fouling organisms of the China Seas in the last years,we found four species, which are recorded for the first time from the China Seas. The species Neopycnodonte cochlear (Poli, 1795), collected from the East China Sea, is replaced in the Pycnodonteidae; other three species Alecryonella plicatula (Gmelin, 1791),Nanostrea exigua Harry, 1985 and Crassostrea nippona (Seki, 1934) belonging to the Ostreidae were collected from the South China Sea, the Ease China Sea, and the Bohai Gulf, respectively.关键词：ostreicea,China Sea
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发布时间：2023-04-28 - 摘要：The present study was based on the collection from the Xisha Islands by the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica in May, 1975, and by the South China Sea Institute of Oceanology,Academia Sinica in May, 1974, and April, 1975. Ninety five species of spumellarian radiolaria belonging to 10 families and 32 genera, were identified, of which, 45 species are first recorded from the Chinese waters (including 7 new, 2 cf. and 6 indet. ) Type specimens are deposited in the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica. Descriptions of new specis are given below:关键词：Xisha Islands,spumellarian radiolaria
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发布时间：2023-04-28
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