The present paper consists of two parts. The first part describes in detail the important morphological characters of the eggs, larvae and young fish of Engraulis japonicus Temminck and Schlegel. Description is based mainly on life organisms. The eggs used for observation were obtained from ]iaozhou Bay, Qingdao, with a plankton net during the spawning seasons in the years 1963 and 1964. The larvae hatched from these eggs were reared successfully in our laboratory to complete metamorphosis. Rearing continued for 76 days, and the largest one of young fishs reached a total length .of 60 mm. The second part deals with the abundance and distribution of the eggs and larvae in Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea. The area of investigation covered was west of longitude 124°E and north of latitude 34°N. Samples were monthly collections made in 1959, by vertical tows with the plankton net having a mouth diameter of 80 cm, The duration of the spawning season .of the anchovy, Engraulis japonicus is very long, lasting for about 6 months. Spawning,. which begins in May, takes place first in coastal waters of less than 30 meters in depth, later, gradually shifting to deeper offshore areas. The surface water temperature of the spawning ground ranges between 13°C and 28°C, and salinity 29一33%. The spawning area is extensive. Except where the salinity of the water was lower than 29% and the transparency of the water was very poor，eggs and larvae occurred in most parts of the areas surveyed.