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Volume 24 期 52，2017 2017年第24卷第52期

    ZHANG Su-Ping, ZHANG Shu-Qian

    DOI：10.12036/hykxjk20170710001
    摘要：With the development of science and technology, marine sciences research in China has been progressed from the exploration of shallow waters to the deep sea. This has led to new discoveries and in turn, new perceptions. Since April 2014, several deep-sea areas were investigated by Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IOCAS). These areas include the hydrothermal vents in Okinawa Trough and Manus Back-Arc Basin, the cold seep in South China Sea, and Yap Seamount in the western Pacific. During these surveys, numerous gastropod specimens were sampled by the mechanical arm of ROV FAXIAN (Mother ship:KEXUE), and many of them were classified as new taxa. In this paper, 13 species belonging to 11 genera from the samples collected during these surveys are described and illustrated. A review on gastropod biodiversity research in the hydrothermal vent, cold seep, and seamount are presented. The results can provide important basic data for studying the biodiversity and zoogeography of deep-sea organisms.  
    关键词：Gastropoda;hydrothermal vent;cold seep;seamount;prospect;from shallow water to deep sea   
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    更新时间：2023-07-07

    MA Lin, LI Xin-Zheng

    DOI：10.12036/hykxjk20170822003
    摘要：Miraciidae Dana, 1846 is the second largest family in the Order Harpacticoida. Miraciids are common inhabitants of the marine benthos, and can be found in different types of sediments. Five species belonging to five genera were recognized morphologically, based on specimens obtained from the Jiaozhou Bay in the year 2008. Willenstenhelia thalia Karanovic & Kim K., 2014 was first reported in China. A key to species of the family Miraciidae in Jiaozhou Bay was also given in the paper.  
    关键词：Miraciidae;Harpacticoida;Jiaozhou Bay   
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    更新时间：2023-07-07

    ZHAO Yuan, ZHAO Li, DONG Yi, LI Hai-Bo, ZHANG Wu-Chang, XIAO Tian

    DOI：10.12036/hykxjk20170822002
    摘要：In addition to living organisms, there are a lot of non-living particles in seawater. These non-living particles include classical particles (referred to as particles without special definition) with a fixed shape and new particles (referred to as aggregates) without a fixed shape. When a new particle is extracted from seawater, the water inside the particle drains and the particle collapses. New particles are divided into macroaggregates, microaggregates, and submicron particles according to their size. These particles form a habitat that is different from pure seawater. Different organisms inhabit the surface and the space between these particles with greater abundance than those found in seawater. The role of marine pelagic microbial food web organisms in the formation, transformation, and sedimentation of particles is reviewed in this paper. Bacteria and microzooplankton help form aggregates, while microzooplankton produce miniparticles through defecation. Bacteria inhabit particles to use organic carbon. Cyanobacteria adhere to these particles. With an increase in the volume of particles, some cyanobacteria are packaged into them. Microzooplankton are attracted to particles for grazing. These organisms could help particles grow by adhering to them and, simultaneously, diminish the size of the particle (or even break it apart) by converting the POC into DOC and the grazing effect. Although organisms in the microbial food web are too small to sediment quickly, they could significantly contribute to the carbon flux to the deep sea possibly through interaction with particles.  
    关键词：Microbial food web;Marine particle;Sedimentation;Carbon flux   
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    更新时间：2023-07-07

    ZHENG Shan, SUN Xiao-Xia

    DOI：10.12036/hykxjk20170804001
    摘要：We studied the bottom-up regulation of phytoplankton by jellyfish during respiration and decomposition. Results suggested that, in 24 hours, seawater acidification and hypoxia occurred during the respiration of Nemopilema nomurai. Meanwhile, inorganic nutrients regenerated by N. nomurai substantially increased the seawater concentrations of DIN (NH4+-N and NOx-N) and DIP (PO43--P); this led to an increase in chlorophyll a concentration. The decomposition of N. nomurai resulted in significant oxygen deficiency and acidification of the seawater, and this became more severe when the biomass of N. nomurai was increased. Numerous inorganic nutrients were released into the seawater; the structures of inorganic nutrients changed significantly, and dinoflagellates and chlorophyta bloomed.  
    关键词：Nemopilema nomura;Metabolism;Decomposition;Phytoplankton;Dynamics   
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    更新时间：2023-07-07

    HUO Da, LIU Shi-Lin, YANG Hong-Sheng

    DOI：10.12036/hykxjk20170616001
    摘要：The frequent, massive summer mortalities of sea cucumbers have caused considerable economic losses and resulted in a serious decline in resources, which in turn has restricted the sustainable development of the industry of sea cucumber. This study analyzed the causes of the massive summer mortality of sea cucumbers considering environmental factors (including high temperature, low dissolved oxygen, low salinity, sulfide, ammonia nitrogen, and decayed algae), germplasm, pathogen, and anthropic factors. Based on that the analysis results, we proposed the concepts of "construction engineering", "farming mechanization", "monitoring automation" and "intelligent management". In addition, for ensuring the health of sea cucumber in summer, a series of corresponding strategies have to be implemented:for example, stress-resistant seed cultivation, sediment and water quality investigation, development of a comprehensive breeding system and risk pre-warning system, and improvement of an emergency plan and modern breeding technology.  
    关键词：summer high temperature;low dissolved oxygen;sea cucumber;massive mortality   
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    更新时间：2023-07-07
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