The present paper deals with the taxonomy of the Cephalopoda found from the Chinese waters. It includes 40 species, belonging to 16 genera and 10 families, of which 12 species are recorded for the first time from the Chinese waters. Comparison of the more related species shows that the characteristics of the teeth of horny ring of the sucker, the striated area of the shell and the patches of the body are exceedingly helpful in the discrimination of the species.