The present paper deals with the pelagic copepods collected during 1959-1960, chiefly from the northern part of the South China Sea ranging. from the Hsi-sha Islands to the coastal waters of Kwangtung and southern Fukien, including the surrounding waters of Hainan Island. Results of our systematic studies on the material obtained will be published in a series of paper. This is the first part of Calanoida, enumerating 48 species, belonging to four families, with 9 species of Calanidae, 11 species of Eucalanidae, 19 species of Paracalanidae and 9 species of Pseudocalanidae. Calocalanits monospinus of Paracalanidae is described as new to science and 9 other species (marked each with an asterisk in the list to species) are new records from China Seas.