1. The present report deals. With the deep-sea fishes from the South China Sea which were collected off the eastern coast of Hainan Island, at depth from 200 to 1100 meters. Seventy-one species belonging to 12 orders and 37 families were identified. Of these, 34 are new records for China. The fact that such a great number of species are obtained from such a limited region shows that the South China Sea is abundant in deep-sea fish fauna. 2. Component of deep-sea fishes of the South China Sea have been grouped on the basis of their zoogeographical distribution. Of the 71 species of deep-sea fishes, 51 are of West-Pacific elements, 16 are Indo-West Pacific elements and 4 are widely distributed over the three great oceans. 3. The deep-sea fishes of the South China Sea compared with that of adjacent waters are more closely allied with that of Japanese Pacific coast than that of Philippine and Indonesia. 4. The bathymetrical distribution of the deep-sea fishes of the South China Sea are: 61 species within the depth of 500 meters, 6 species within 1000 meters and 4 species over 10'00 meters. According to the two great groups of deep-sea fish fauna, most species recorded in our paper belong to the Coastal Deep-sea Fish Fauna and a few species to. the Oceanic Deep-sea Fish Fauna.