This is the second part of our study on Chinese Palaemoninae. dealing with species belonging to the Genera Palaemon, Exopalaemon, Palacmonetes and Leptocarpus. In the present study,a total of 42 species have been found from marine, brackish water and freshwater areas of China. Of which 21 species of the Genus Macrobrachium, 2 species of Leander and one species of Leandrites were described in the first part of the Report. Among the 18 species reported in this paper, Palaemon gravieri (Yu) is endemic to shallow waters of the Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea and the western part of the East China Sea, and is of economic importance;P. tenuidactylus sp. nov. has been found only in brackish waters of the river mouths along the eastern and the northern coasts of China and possibly the western coast of Korea; P. paucidens is a temperate species limited to waters of Siberia, northern China and Japan; P. pacificus,P.concinnus,p.sewelli and P serrifer are wide distributed in the warm waters of Indo-West-pacific, while P. ortmanni and P macrodacrylus have been found in China, Korea and Japan. The four species belonging to Genus Exopalaemon are of special importance in the coastal and freshwater fisheries of China.E. carinicauda is the most importance economic species of caridean shrimps in coastal areas of low salinity and estuaries, particularly in north China. E.orientis is common in eastern and southern China. E. annandalei dominates estuarine and neighbouring freshwater areas in northern and eastern China, and E. modestus, also an important economic species, is limited to freshwater lakes and rivers in north-eastern, northern and eastern China. The 3 species of Palaemonetes are also economic importance and abundantly found in freshwater ponds, lakes and brooks.